When managing a project, a budget, or a team, anticipating the next two years changes the game. Between regulatory adjustments, technological shifts, and new energy constraints, the period leading up to 2028 does not resemble a simple extension of 2025. Here are the concrete changes that will impact daily life.
Nuclear production in France: what EDF’s forecasts mean for bills
On the ground, the energy question often boils down to a line in a budget forecast. EDF has published ranges for nuclear production for the period 2026-2028: between 350 and 370 TWh for 2026 and 2027, then between 345 and 375 TWh for 2028. The gap widens at the end of the period, reflecting uncertainty related to reactor power adjustments.
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For a company or a local authority negotiating a multi-year electricity contract, this range matters. High production pulls spot prices down, while low production drives them up. We are not talking about abstract forecasting here, but about indexing clauses in real contracts.
When looking at what to expect in 2028, energy data remains a foundation upon which everything else is built: logistics, industry, services.
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Baccalaureate 2028: regional languages and the grand oral, an educational shift
Starting from the 2028 session, high school students who have followed a specialty in a regional language (Basque, Breton, Corsican, Creole, Occitan, among others) will be able to take the specialty exam in that language. The subject will be identical to that offered in French, simply translated. The corresponding part of the grand oral can also take place in the chosen regional language.
This is not a cosmetic adjustment. For a bilingual Breton or Occitan high school, this changes the preparation of students from the first year. Teachers will need to adapt their materials, and exam juries will have to include evaluators proficient in these languages.
Minister Edouard Geffray indicated that this logic could be extended to certain foreign living languages in the long term. If this extension is confirmed, it would reshape the place of languages within the entire French educational system, far beyond just regionalist pathways.
Agentic AI and deep tech: what companies are preparing for 2028
There is a lot of talk about artificial intelligence, but the operational reality in companies plays out on a specific segment: agentic AI. Unlike a classic chatbot, an AI agent performs tasks autonomously (research, comparison, partial decision-making) without human intervention at every step.
Capgemini has structured a plan dedicated to agentic AI with a 2028 horizon, giving an idea of the actual timeline for adoption in large organizations. Feedback varies on this point: some technical departments believe that mature use cases will arrive sooner, while others estimate that regulatory hurdles will slow down deployment.
Concrete signals to watch
- The integration of AI agents into internal management tools (ERP, CRM), which will transform purchasing and customer relationship processes in SMEs
- The rapidly growing deep tech market, attracting investments in sectors like advanced materials, synthetic biology, and quantum computing
- The emergence of spatial computing: according to Gartner, by 2028, a significant portion of the population will experience a weekly immersive experience based on contextual and geolocated content
For an SME, the question is not to adopt everything at once. Identifying a specific use case and testing it before 2028 allows one to ride the wave rather than be overwhelmed by it.
European regulation and driving licenses: deadlines that affect everyone
The European Union has initiated the elimination of lifetime driving licenses by 2028. In practice, this means periodic administrative renewal of the license, potentially with a medical check depending on the country. For corporate fleets and road professionals, this measure imposes tighter document management.
On the Swiss side, modifications to federal laws and ordinances are scheduled for the period 2026-2028, particularly affecting taxation and cross-border exchanges. For companies operating between France and Switzerland, anticipating these regulatory adjustments avoids unpleasant surprises regarding margins and compliance.
Points to check right now
- The validity of your employees’ driving licenses, especially for itinerant positions or drivers
- Ongoing cross-border contracts that could be affected by the new Swiss ordinances
- Reporting obligations related to technological ethics, a topic that is gaining traction in public tenders
Private security and social protection: two sectors in silent transformation
The private security sector anticipates structural changes by 2028. Experts in the field point to a necessary upskilling related to the integration of technologies (enhanced video surveillance, surveillance drones) and a tightening of operating conditions. For a client, this translates into more demanding specifications and rising costs.
On the social protection side, the International Social Security Association (ISSA) has defined its priorities for the period, focusing on adapting coverage systems to new forms of work. Freelancers, platform workers, multiple job holders: current regimes struggle to cover these profiles, and 2028 should see the emergence of more suitable provisions in several European countries.
The trends leading to 2028 are not speculative. Electric production, baccalaureate reform, agentic AI, driving licenses, private security: each topic already has its deadlines set and its texts in preparation. The most useful thing remains to map those that directly affect your activity and adjust your plans now, rather than react in urgency.